Saturday, September 19, 2026

What’s Working

For readers looking for what’s still working in the world

GrowthUpworthy

46 years ago, Carl Sagan beautifully explained the fourth dimension using a sliced apple

In a world where the fourth dimension is as elusive as it is fascinating, Carl Sagan emerges as a beacon of clarity and curiosity. Through the simple yet profound metaphor of a sliced apple, Sagan illuminates the concept of dimensions beyond our perception. His ability to distill the complex into the comprehensible is reminiscent of a scientific Mr. Rogers, making the seemingly impossible not just possible, but engaging and delightful. Sagan’s demonstration on the PBS show 'Cosmos' serves not only as an educational tool but as a testament to the power of storytelling in science communication.

Sagan’s use of everyday objects to explain high-concept ideas is a masterclass in pedagogy. By relating the experience of a two-dimensional being in 'Flatland' to our own limitations in perceiving the fourth dimension, he invites viewers to stretch their imaginations and embrace the unknown. This exercise in expanding our mental horizons underscores the importance of understanding dimensions beyond our immediate grasp, a pursuit crucial for physicists and mathematicians as they seek to unravel the mysteries of the universe.

Constructive analysis

The constructive-journalism lens: not just what happened, but what works.

The problem
Understanding complex scientific concepts like the fourth dimension is often challenging for the general public.
The actions
Carl Sagan used simple metaphors and everyday objects, like a sliced apple, to explain complex ideas on his show 'Cosmos'.
Evidence of progress
The enduring popularity and educational impact of 'Cosmos' demonstrate the effectiveness of Sagan's approach to science communication.
What we can learn
Educators can learn to use relatable metaphors and storytelling to make complex concepts more accessible and engaging.
PERMA profile of this story

How this story scores across the PERMA dimensions.

Positive Emotion
8
Engagement
9
Relationships
7
Meaning
8
Accomplishment
9
PERMA

Character strengths in play

Top VIA strengths this story embodies.

  • Curiosity

    Sagan’s explanation encourages viewers to expand their minds to understand the fourth dimension metaphorically.

  • Perspective

    By relating the experience of a two-dimensional being in 'Flatland' to our own limitations, Sagan offers a profound shift in perspective.

  • Love

    Sagan’s warmth and accessibility in explaining complex ideas show a deep love for teaching and sharing knowledge.

Try this today

Next time you encounter a complex topic, try explaining it using a simple metaphor or everyday object. This exercise can help clarify your understanding and make the idea more relatable to others.